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hemipyonephrosis是什么意思，hemipyonephrosis翻译
Hemipyonephrosis: An Overview
Hemipyonephrosis is a medical condition that affects the kidneys, specifically the renal pelvis and ureters. This condition is characterized by the partial or complete obstruction of one side of the urinary system, leading to hydronephrosis, which is the accumulation of urine in the affected kidney. Hemipyonephrosis can occur due to various reasons, including congenital malformations, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, or trauma.
Causes and Risk Factors
The underlying cause of hemipyonephrosis can vary widely, and it is often associated with structural abnormalities in the urinary tract. One of the most common causes is a condition called ureteropelvic junction obstruction, which occurs when the area where the ureter connects to the renal pelvis is narrowed or blocked. This can be due to congenital anomalies, such as a redundant renal pelvis or a contracted ureter, or it can be acquired, such as from kidney stones or scarring from prior infections.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
The symptoms of hemipyonephrosis can be nonspecific and may include pain in the affected side, changes in urinary habits, fever, and nausea. In some cases, the symptoms may be mild and may go unnoticed for a long time. However, if left untreated, the condition can lead to more severe complications, such as kidney infection or damage to the renal function.
Diagnosis of hemipyonephrosis typically involves a combination of clinical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI are commonly used imaging modalities to visualize the urinary tract and assess the degree of obstruction and any associated abnormalities.
Treatment Options
The treatment of hemipyonephrosis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In some cases, conservative management, such as pain medications and antibiotics, may be sufficient to alleviate symptoms and control infections. However, in more severe cases or if there is a risk of progressive damage to the kidney, surgical intervention may be necessary.
Surgery for hemipyonephrosis may involve procedures such as pyeloplasty, which is a reconstructive surgery to correct the obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction, or nephrectomy, which is the removal of the affected kidney. In some cases, minimally invasive procedures, such as percutaneous nephrostomy or stent placement, may be performed to drain the accumulated urine and relieve the symptoms.
Prognosis and Complications
The prognosis for hemipyonephrosis depends on the cause, the extent of the obstruction, and the promptness of treatment. With appropriate management, many patients experience resolution of symptoms and improvement in renal function. However, if left untreated, the condition can lead to chronic kidney disease and, in severe cases, end